The BRICS Policy Center, of the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, and of the School of Government, of the University of the Western Cape, have researched and compared Chinese investments in both South Africa and Brazil to respond to the following questions. What are main characteristics of Chinese investments in the two countries? What are the specific government policies and state institutions that sustain and facilitate them, and what socioenvironmental and labor dynamics have been generated in the territories where Chinese projects are implemented? The results are presented in three different reports: two contain the findings of extensive research carried out on each country, Brazil and South Africa; the present report focuses on the main similarities and differences in Chinese investments and bilateral diplomatic relations with both countries, as illustrated through specific case studies on Brazil and South Africa’s special economic zones.