The context is challenging: the G20 arrives in Brazil at a time of crisis of hegemony on the international stage. The world is facing wars, economic disputes and a climate and social emergency. In addition, there is a profound crisis of values, marked by the rise of extreme right-wing forces, which question the principles established in the post-World War II period, such as human rights, multilateralism and international cooperation. Currently, both the US and China are finding it difficult to mediate conflicts and lead the world towards peace. Brazil is therefore assuming the presidency of the group that represents the world’s largest economies in a period characterized as a “hegemonic transition”, whose tensions and uncertainties are reflected in the group’s internal dynamics.